This paper analyses trade balance in the Indonesian economy by using Indonesia input-output tables for the year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. The results showed that, firstly, Indonesian export had been increased significantly during the year of study. Secondly, Indonesian import had also increased significantly during the year of study. Important sectors and countries’ trade partners of export and import had been indicated. Thirdly, trade balances in Indonesia economy were surpluses in all years of the study. Sectors and countries in which trade balances were deficits and surpluses had also been clearly indicated.
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Modul Mata Pelajaran Sejarah SMA Kelas XI
Modul Mata Pelajaran Sejarah SMA Kelas XI Author : Gunawan, Rudy Abstrak: Download disini !
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Author : Haryati, Iis Abstrak: Download disini !
In Silico Study of Pyrazolylaminoquinazoline Toxicity by Lazar, Protox, and Admet Predictor
Pyrazolylaminoquinazoline is obtained from synthetic AZD4547 and can inhibit kinase activity in recombinant
fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) in vitro. The objective of this study was to obtain high activity and low
toxicity pyrazolylaminoquinazoline derivatives in silico. The 2-dimensional structures were generated using the
ChemDraw application. The Lazar application was used to predict endpoint carcinogenicity, maximum daily dose,
and mutagenicity. The ProTox application was used for endpoint LD50 and toxicity classes, while the ADMET
application was used for endpoint hepatotoxicity, with reproductive system disorders, and endocrine. Based on the
scoring from the three software applications, two compounds were identified as being active against FGFR 2, with no
carcinogenic or toxic effects on the liver, endocrine system, and the reproductive system, but they were predicted to
have mutagenic effects. These compounds were V29 (N-(5-(3,5-dimethoxy phenethyl -1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-7(octahydro-
2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-yl) quinazoline-4-amine), with an IC50 of 0.2 ± 0.1 nM and a toxicity score of 1027, and
V32 (N-(5-(3,5-dimethoxy phenethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-7-(4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-yl)quinazoline-4-amine),
with an IC50 of 0.3 ± 0.1 nM and a toxicity score of 1024.
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Molecular Docking Studies of Flavonoids of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPARγ)
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the produced insulin. Morinda citrifolia has been widely used as herbal medicine to prevent and to treat diabetes as well as health supplements. It contains flavonoids which may act as an antidiabetic agent. One of the receptors that play a role in the treatment of diabetes is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor – gamma (PPARγ) which responsible for insulin sensitization in adipose tissue. In this study, the interaction beetween flavonoids contained in noni fruit as ligands, and PPARγ was investigated by using the Autodock Vina software. Some flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, nicotifloroside, narcissoside, and rutin were included in this study. Rosiglitazone, a known ligand for PPARγ was used as the standard. The result revealed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between –8,1 kcal/mol to –8,5 kcal/mol. Eventhough, when compared with rosiglitazone (–8.9 kcal/mol), the value of the binding energy of flavonoids was higher, but close to rosiglitazone. This suggests that those flavonoid compounds may show comparable potential with rosiglitazone as antidiabetic agent.
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