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This research examines the effectiveness on how mathematics teachers have begun to integrate
information and communication technology (ICT) with reciprocal teaching model to improve students’
mathematics critical thinking ability into seventh junior high school classroom practice. This study was
experimental research with a quasi-experimental design. The samples of the study are 36 students for classroom
experiments and 36 students for classroom control. The instruments employed in this study were pre-test and
post-test. All the instruments are made in essays forms. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics.
Based on the research findings, it was gotten that (1) the development of teaching instructional multimedia of
the seven grade students of junior high school; (2) the improvement of students’ mathematics critical thinking
ability in experimental class; (3) the aspect of attractiveness shows that the developed instructional multimedia was very interesting; and (4) reciprocal learning has good impact on students’ mathematics critical thinking ability.

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In this paper, we describe a prototype of web-based intelligent handwriting education
system for autonomous learning of Bengali characters. Bengali language is used by more than
211 million people of India and Bangladesh. Due to the socio-economical limitation, all of the
population does not have the chance to go to school. This research project was aimed to develop
an intelligent Bengali handwriting education system. As an intelligent tutor, the system can
automatically check the handwriting errors, such as stroke production errors, stroke sequence
errors, stroke relationship errors and immediately provide a feedback to the students to correct
themselves. Our proposed system can be accessed from smartphone or iPhone that allows
students to do practice their Bengali handwriting at anytime and anywhere. Bengali is a
multi-stroke input characters with extremely long cursive shaped where it has stroke order
variability and stroke direction variability. Due to this structural limitation, recognition speed is
a crucial issue to apply traditional online handwriting recognition algorithm for Bengali
language learning. In this work, we have adopted hierarchical recognition approach to improve
the recognition speed that makes our system adaptable for web-based language learning. We
applied writing speed free recognition methodology together with hierarchical recognition
algorithm. It ensured the learning of all aged population, especially for children and older
national. The experimental results showed that our proposed hierarchical recognition algorithm
can provide higher accuracy than traditional multi-stroke recognition algorithm with more
writing variability.

According to Krashen’s affective filter hypothesis, students who are highly motivated
have a strong sense of self, enter a learning context with a low level of anxiety, and are much
more likely to become successful language acquirers than those who do not. Affective factors,
such as motivation, attitude, and anxiety, have a direct impact on foreign language acquisition.
Horwitz et al. (1986) mentioned that many language learners feel anxious when learning foreign
languages. Thus, this study recruits 100 college students to fill out the Foreign Language
Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) to investigate language learning anxiety. Then, this study
designs and develops an affective tutoring system (ATS) to conduct an empirical study. The
study aims to improve students’ learning interest by recognizing their emotional states during
their learning processes and provide adequate feedback. It is expected to enhance learners’
motivation and interest via affective instructional design and then improve their learning
performance.

A wise man said that “you will never be a pious when you never feel loneliness”, because loneliness can be used as an indicator of someone’s level of piety. In loneliness, the awareness of God’s existence can be felt, because in loneliness a person will not be affected by motives that come from the encouragement or motivation of the other persons’ prensence. Meanwhile someone’s piety which is shown in the public, according to the author it is very difficult to assess the real of sincerity. There are thousands motives when someone do observance in the middle of the social communities. This research used a qualitative research method with phenomenological research tradition, in the terms of Lindlof (1995:27) it is called as an interpretive paradigm which is refered to the communication research with qualitative methods that perform the tradition of phenomenology, ethnometodology, symbolic interaction, ethnography and cultural studies.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menelaah peningkatan kemampuan koneksi dan komunikasi matematik siswa SMP yang diterapkan pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan program Geometer’s Sketchpad dibandingkan dengan siswa yang diterapkan pembelajaran konvensional, keterkaitan antara kemampuan koneksi dan komunikasi matematis, sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan program Geometer’s Sketchpad, dan aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan program Geometer’s Sketchpad berlangsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol pretes dan postes. Kelompok eksperimen memperoleh pembelajaran kontekstual berbantuan program Geometer’s Sketchpad dan kelompok kontrol memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional. Untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes kemampuan koneksi, komunikasi matematis dan lembar observasi. Subjek penelitian siswa SMP Negeri 3 Tangerang di Propinsi Banten dengan subjek sampel adalah siswa kelas VII sebanyak dua kelas dari sepuluh kelas yang ada dipilih secara acak. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1)Terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan koneksi dan komunikasi matematik antara kelompok siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual dibandingkan dengan siswa yang belajar dengan pendekatan konvensional; (2) Terdapat korelasi positif yang cukup antara kemampuan koneksi dan komunikasi matematik siswa; (3) Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual memperlihatkan motivasi dan keterlibatan siswa yang baik sehingga terbangun suatu masyarakat belajar dengan suasana yang kondusif.

This study aims to find out enhancement of students’ mathematical reflective thinking ability through
knowledge sharing learning strategy in Senior High School. The method of study used quasi
experiment by non-equivalent control group design. The population of this study are eighth grader
students of Senior High School in Tangerang City, Banten Province. Sampling technique used cluster
random sampling with the numbers of students are 140 students. The instruments used in the form
prior mathematical knowledge test and mathematical reflective thinking ability test. Data analysis are
done by requisite test, namely data normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Test) and homogeneity
test (Levene Test). The statistic analysis of the data was conducted with one-way ANOVA, two-way
ANOVA, and Scheffe Test. The results of study are as follows: (1) there is enhancement difference
of mathematical reflective thinking ability of the students learning with knowledge sharing strategy
and conventional learning; (2) there is enhancement difference of mathematical reflective thinking
ability between students learning with knowledge sharing strategy (KSS) and conventional learning
based on school level and prior mathematical knowledge (MPK) of students (higher, middle,
lower); (3) The interaction between learning strategy (KSS) and prior mathematical knowledge
(higher, middle, lower) influenced student’s enhancement of mathematical reflective thinking
ability.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik dengan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri Luragung Kuningan Jawa Barat. Peserta didik diberikan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik dan test hasil belajar matematika. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Luragung, Kuningan, Jawa Barat, sedangkan sampel yang diambil adalah siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 3 Luragung, Kuningan, Jawa Barat yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik dan hasil belajar matematika. Setelah dilakukan analisis Varians didapat regresi linier dan pengujian keberartian regresi yang signifikan. Dari hasil perhitungan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,559 dilanjutkan dengan uji t-student diperoleh 3,631. Hal ini berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik memberikan kontribusi sebesar 31,2 % terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa.

Muhammadiyah was established by Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan 1912 began first founded the institution’s
because the situation and circumstances of Muslims who suffered various setbacks disebab by
ignorance and frozen in thinking in understanding the teachings of the religion. While the
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) instituted by the Kiyai-Kiyai (1926) in East Java province with commenced
founded the institution Taswirul Afkar in 1914 M. Establishment of schools is either done by
the founder Muhammadiyah and NU is in an effort to meet the needs of society and the context
of the struggle for independence, and also as one of the key strategic intelligence to fight the
invaders. Strategic intelligence is either done by the Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan nor by Kiyai- Kiyai
new young home from Mecca as K.H. Mas Mansyur with K.H. Abdul Wahab Chasbullah and
others. The same feeling, due to the State of the nation is still colonized by Foreign Nations so
as to force those who recently return from Mecca for creative thinking by making a smart idea
according to capacity which has been eaten, in order to deal with circumstances that plagued his
nation. This, it is interesting to review of the origin of the appearance of movement Muhammadiyah
and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Indonesia, which is mainly about the history of the site of the
second equation – both these organizations. Although, the Organization of Muhammadiyah
and NU, is equally religious social movement organizations are sourced from the result of
thoughts and musings by Indonesia students who learn from Mecca at the time. Views can be
seen from: the history of the movement, thought and influence of the marriage, the teacher and
the taught, the granting of a degree as a national hero, the real work of the forum and dialogue
to exchange thoughts, and his education as a charitable effort movement