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The flavonoids content of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes is presumed to show activities on a central nervous system involving GABAergik. This research aimed to further investigate the neuropharmacological properties of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes fraction by measuring their hypnotic-sedative and anticonvulsant activities. The exploratory behavior test was performed using the hole-board method, while the motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test. The results showed that the 70% ethanol fraction of Cyperus rotundus rhizome exhibited significant neuropharmacological activities (p 0.05). In conclusion, Cyperus rotundus rhizome appeared as potent neuropharmacological drug candidate with abilities comparable to synthetic drugs.

The flavonoids content of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes is presumed to show activities on a central nervous system involving GABAergik. This research aimed to further investigate the neuropharmacological properties of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes fraction by measuring their hypnotic-sedative and anticonvulsant activities. The exploratory behavior test was performed using the hole-board method, while the motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test. The results showed that the 70% ethanol fraction of Cyperus rotundus rhizome exhibited significant neuropharmacological activities (p 0.05). In conclusion, Cyperus rotundus rhizome appeared as potent neuropharmacological drug candidate with abilities comparable to synthetic drugs.

The flavonoids content of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes is presumed to show activities on a central nervous system involving GABAergik. This research aimed to further investigate the neuropharmacological properties of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes fraction by measuring their hypnotic-sedative and anticonvulsant activities. The exploratory behavior test was performed using the hole-board method, while the motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test. The results showed that the 70% ethanol fraction of Cyperus rotundus rhizome exhibited significant neuropharmacological activities (p 0.05). In conclusion, Cyperus rotundus rhizome appeared as potent neuropharmacological drug candidate with abilities comparable to synthetic drugs.

The research aimed to examine and analyze either partial or simultaneuos influence of brand image, service quality and marketing communication on purchase decision of Mal Artha Gading consumers. Of 40.000 populations, 100 samples were obtained, based on Slovin’s sampling technique. For data collection, the research relied on questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis. The research findings have revealed that brand image, service quality and marketing communication influence consumer purchase decision simultaneously. Partially, brand image variable gave the greatest and the most significant influence on consumer purchase decision, while service quality did not influence consumer purchase decision very much; marketing communication had a significant impact on consumer purchase decision. The implication is that in order to have consumers make a purchase, the management had better improve its brand image, service quality and marketing communication.

The research aimed to examine and analyze either partial or simultaneuos influence of brand image, service quality and marketing communication on purchase decision of Mal Artha Gading consumers. Of 40.000 populations, 100 samples were obtained, based on Slovin’s sampling technique. For data collection, the research relied on questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis. The research findings have revealed that brand image, service quality and marketing communication influence consumer purchase decision simultaneously. Partially, brand image variable gave the greatest and the most significant influence on consumer purchase decision, while service quality did not influence consumer purchase decision very much; marketing communication had a significant impact on consumer purchase decision. The implication is that in order to have consumers make a purchase, the management had better improve its brand image, service quality and marketing communication.

The research aimed to examine and analyze either partial or simultaneuos influence of brand image, service quality and marketing communication on purchase decision of Mal Artha Gading consumers. Of 40.000 populations, 100 samples were obtained, based on Slovin’s sampling technique. For data collection, the research relied on questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis. The research findings have revealed that brand image, service quality and marketing communication influence consumer purchase decision simultaneously. Partially, brand image variable gave the greatest and the most significant influence on consumer purchase decision, while service quality did not influence consumer purchase decision very much; marketing communication had a significant impact on consumer purchase decision. The implication is that in order to have consumers make a purchase, the management had better improve its brand image, service quality and marketing communication.

The research aimed to examine and analyze either partial or simultaneuos influence of brand image, service quality and marketing communication on purchase decision of Mal Artha Gading consumers. Of 40.000 populations, 100 samples were obtained, based on Slovin’s sampling technique. For data collection, the research relied on questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis. The research findings have revealed that brand image, service quality and marketing communication influence consumer purchase decision simultaneously. Partially, brand image variable gave the greatest and the most significant influence on consumer purchase decision, while service quality did not influence consumer purchase decision very much; marketing communication had a significant impact on consumer purchase decision. The implication is that in order to have consumers make a purchase, the management had better improve its brand image, service quality and marketing communication.

Ekstrak tembakau memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Untuk
memaksimalkan pemakaian ekstrak tembakau pada penggunaan topikal sebagai antibakteri
maka perlu dibuat suatu sediaan farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak
tembakau dalam sediaan gel dengan menggunakan Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)
sebagai gelling agent serta menguji aktivitasnya terhadap S. mutans. Gel ekstrak tembakau dibuat
dalam 3 formula dengan perbedaan konsentrasi HPMC yaitu, 1,5% (F1), 2% (F2) dan 2,5% (F3).
Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan ekstrak tembakau, kemudian diuji karakteristiknya. Ekstrak
yang diperoleh diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel dan dievaluasi stabilitas fisiknya selama
12 minggu serta diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Hasil evaluasi
gel ekstrak tembakau menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formula gel ekstrak tembakau stabil selama
penyimpanan. Uji aktivitas terhadap S. mutans diperoleh diameter hambat berturut-turut pada
F1, F2 dan F3, yaitu sebesar 9,07 mm, 19,53 mm, dan 11,57 mm. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan
penentuan potensial relatif F2 dibandingkan terhadap eritromisin. Hasil pengujian didapatkan
potensi relatif sebesar 1,2 x 10-2 kali dibandingkan eritromisin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian
tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi HPMC tidak memberikan perbedaan
secara bermakna terhadap stabilitas fisik gel ekstrak tembakau, dengan aktivitas antibakteri
terhadap S. mutans terbaik didapatkan pada F2.

Ekstrak tembakau memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Untuk
memaksimalkan pemakaian ekstrak tembakau pada penggunaan topikal sebagai antibakteri
maka perlu dibuat suatu sediaan farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak
tembakau dalam sediaan gel dengan menggunakan Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)
sebagai gelling agent serta menguji aktivitasnya terhadap S. mutans. Gel ekstrak tembakau dibuat
dalam 3 formula dengan perbedaan konsentrasi HPMC yaitu, 1,5% (F1), 2% (F2) dan 2,5% (F3).
Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan ekstrak tembakau, kemudian diuji karakteristiknya. Ekstrak
yang diperoleh diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel dan dievaluasi stabilitas fisiknya selama
12 minggu serta diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Hasil evaluasi
gel ekstrak tembakau menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formula gel ekstrak tembakau stabil selama
penyimpanan. Uji aktivitas terhadap S. mutans diperoleh diameter hambat berturut-turut pada
F1, F2 dan F3, yaitu sebesar 9,07 mm, 19,53 mm, dan 11,57 mm. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan
penentuan potensial relatif F2 dibandingkan terhadap eritromisin. Hasil pengujian didapatkan
potensi relatif sebesar 1,2 x 10-2 kali dibandingkan eritromisin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian
tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi HPMC tidak memberikan perbedaan
secara bermakna terhadap stabilitas fisik gel ekstrak tembakau, dengan aktivitas antibakteri
terhadap S. mutans terbaik didapatkan pada F2.

Lifespan development disorders are psychological disorder, which are characterized by
abnormal development. It is a severe development delay that occurs to certain people.
Since learning disability is one of major lifespan development disorders under a
psycholinguistic umbrella, this study aims to elaborate and analyse learning disability of
dyslexia suffered by Ishaan, the main character in “Like Stars on Earth” movie as the
unit analysis. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach by using a discourse
analysis method. The film has shown that Ishaan has 31 out of 37 symptoms of dyslexia.
Ishaan also experienced emotional and social problems due to wrong perceptions from
his surroundings, which make him more depressed, and unable to show his real talent and
full potential. It is inferred that dyslexics needs to get the support from parents,
teachers and people surrounding to find out their talents to improve their self
confidence as early as possible. In addition, specific holistic approach dealing with
social and emotional factors conjunction with education aspect must be provided as
well.